Lesson 4.3

Video Editing Fundamentals

Learn the art of wedding film editing from assembly to final cut. Master pacing, music selection, and storytelling structure to create emotional films.

The Wedding Filmmaker's Mindset

Wedding film editing is fundamentally different from other types of video editing. You're not just cutting footage together—you're condensing 8-12 hours of a couple's most important day into a 5-8 minute emotional experience that will make them cry for the rest of their lives.

You Are a Storyteller

Every wedding film should have narrative structure: a beginning that sets the stage, a middle that builds emotion, and an ending that delivers catharsis. Your job is to find the story within hours of raw footage and bring it to life.

The best wedding films feel inevitable—like the footage could only have been edited this way. This takes time to develop, but it starts with understanding what makes a story compelling:

  • Character: Who are these people? Show their personalities.
  • Emotion: What are they feeling? Capture the joy, nerves, tears.
  • Journey: Where does the day take them? From anticipation to celebration.
  • Details: What makes their wedding unique? The personal touches matter.

Editing is Subtraction

You have hours of footage. Your film will be minutes. The art is in what you leave out. Every frame must earn its place—if a shot doesn't serve the story, cut it, no matter how beautiful.

The Documentary vs. Cinematic Debate

Wedding films exist on a spectrum from purely documentary to highly cinematic. Know where you fall and be consistent. Documentary approaches prioritize real moments and audio; cinematic approaches prioritize visual composition and music-driven editing. Most successful wedding filmmakers find a balance.

Choosing Your NLE (Non-Linear Editor)

DaVinci Resolve

Our recommended option for wedding filmmakers.

Strengths:

  • Free version includes nearly all needed features
  • Best-in-class color grading (Resolve is the industry standard)
  • Fairlight audio module rivals dedicated DAWs
  • Database-driven project management
  • One-time purchase for Studio version ($295)

Considerations:

  • Steeper learning curve than Premiere
  • Some codecs require Studio version (HEVC on Windows)
  • Resource-intensive—needs powerful hardware

Adobe Premiere Pro

Industry standard with excellent ecosystem integration.

Strengths:

  • Tight integration with After Effects, Lightroom, Photoshop
  • Largest community and tutorial resources
  • Excellent dynamic link workflow
  • Good collaboration features (Team Projects)

Considerations:

  • Subscription-only ($23/month)
  • Can be unstable with large projects
  • Color tools less powerful than Resolve

Final Cut Pro

Mac-only powerhouse optimized for Apple hardware.

Strengths:

  • Magnetic timeline speeds up editing
  • Exceptional performance on Apple Silicon
  • One-time purchase ($300)
  • Best proxy workflow implementation

Considerations:

  • Mac only—no Windows or Linux
  • Different editing paradigm than traditional NLEs
  • Limited collaboration features

📹 Video Lesson: Videography Fundamentals

Before diving into editing software, master the core principles that make great video content:

Project Setup and Organization

Project Settings

Before importing, set your project timeline correctly:

Setting Recommended Notes
Resolution 1920x1080 or 3840x2160 Match your delivery format
Frame Rate 23.976 or 24fps Cinematic standard
Color Space Rec. 709 (SDR) or Rec. 2020 (HDR) Match your delivery
Audio Sample Rate 48kHz Industry standard

Bin/Folder Organization

Create a consistent folder structure in your project:

Wedding Film Project/
├── 01_RAW_FOOTAGE/
│   ├── Camera_A/
│   ├── Camera_B/
│   ├── Drone/
│   └── Audio/
├── 02_SELECTS/
│   ├── Getting_Ready/
│   ├── Ceremony/
│   ├── Portraits/
│   └── Reception/
├── 03_AUDIO/
│   ├── Music/
│   ├── Speeches_Clean/
│   └── Vows_Clean/
├── 04_GRAPHICS/
│   ├── Titles/
│   └── Lower_Thirds/
├── 05_SEQUENCES/
│   ├── Highlight_v1/
│   ├── Full_Film_v1/
│   └── Social_Cuts/
└── 06_EXPORTS/

Proxy Workflow

Modern cameras shoot large files that can slow down editing. Proxies are smaller files you edit with, then swap for originals when exporting.

When to use proxies:

  • 4K or higher resolution footage
  • High bitrate codecs (ProRes 4444, RAW)
  • Laptop or older editing system
  • Projects with many tracks/effects

Proxy settings:

  • Resolution: 1080p or 720p
  • Codec: ProRes Proxy or DNxHD LB
  • Frame rate: Match original

The Assembly Edit

Before creative editing begins, build a rough assembly that includes all potentially useful footage in chronological order.

Step 1: Sync All Footage

If you shot with multiple cameras and external audio, sync everything before beginning the creative edit.

Sync methods:

  • Audio waveform sync: Most NLEs can automatically match audio waveforms across clips
  • Timecode sync: If cameras were synced with timecode
  • Visual sync: Use claps or flash as sync points

Step 2: Create Multicam Sequences

For ceremonies and speeches shot with multiple angles, create multicam sequences. This lets you switch between angles in real-time while playing back.

Step 3: Lay Out Chronologically

Place all footage on the timeline in order:

  1. Getting ready sequences
  2. Pre-ceremony (venue, details, guests arriving)
  3. Ceremony from start to finish
  4. Couple portraits
  5. Wedding party portraits
  6. Reception events in order

Step 4: Mark Key Moments

Using markers, tag the moments you know will be in the final film:

  • Best vow moments
  • First kiss
  • Key speech excerpts
  • First dance highlights
  • Emotional reactions
  • Unique details

Music Selection

Music is the backbone of wedding films. The right song can elevate average footage into an emotional experience; the wrong song can undermine beautiful footage.

Licensing Essentials

Using unlicensed music in wedding films is copyright infringement and can result in legal action, platform takedowns, and damage to your reputation.

Legitimate music sources:

  • Musicbed: Premium cinematic music, industry standard for wedding films ($9.99-$49/song or subscription)
  • Artlist: Unlimited downloads subscription model ($199/year)
  • Soundstripe: Similar to Artlist with good variety ($135-$245/year)
  • Epidemic Sound: Large library, good for social content ($15/month)
  • Marmoset: Curated indie music with premium feel

Never Use Commercial Music

That Ed Sheeran song the couple loves? You can't use it unless you pay thousands for a sync license. Platforms will take down your video, and you could face legal action. Always use properly licensed music.

Choosing the Right Song

Consider these factors when selecting music:

  • Tempo: Match the energy of the edit. Fast for highlights, slower for emotional moments.
  • Lyrics: If present, ensure they complement (not distract from) the visuals and speeches.
  • Build: Good wedding songs have dynamic range—quiet sections for vows, powerful crescendos for celebration.
  • Length: Your edit length should be determined by story, not forced to fit a song.
  • Uniqueness: Avoid overused songs that every wedding film uses.

Multi-Song Films

Full-length wedding films typically use 2-4 songs. Plan transitions between songs:

  • Use speech/vow audio as transitions between songs
  • Match energy levels at transition points
  • Key changes should feel intentional, not jarring
  • Consider using the same artist for cohesion

The Rough Cut

With music selected, build your first creative cut. This establishes the structure before refinement.

Structure Options

Chronological Structure

Follow the day in order: getting ready → ceremony → portraits → reception.

Best for: Documentary-style films, feature-length edits, couples who want the full story.

Non-Linear/Emotional Structure

Cut between moments based on emotional beats rather than chronology. Intercut ceremony with getting ready, use flashbacks and flash-forwards.

Best for: Highlight films, cinematic style, music-driven edits.

Speech-Driven Structure

Use speeches or vows as the narrative backbone, cutting to relevant visuals that support what's being said.

Best for: Emotional storytelling, couples with great speeches, authentic documentary feel.

Rough Cut Process

  1. Lay down music on the timeline
  2. Mark music beats with markers at key moments (drops, builds, transitions)
  3. Place anchor clips—the must-have moments—at appropriate music points
  4. Fill in between with supporting footage
  5. Add speech/vow audio where it enhances the narrative
  6. Watch through without stopping, noting what works and what doesn't

Pacing Principles

How long each clip stays on screen affects the feel of your film:

  • Quick cuts (1-2 seconds): Energy, excitement, fast-paced music, celebration montages
  • Medium cuts (3-5 seconds): Standard narrative pacing, most of your film
  • Long holds (6+ seconds): Emotional weight, important moments, let viewers absorb

Vary your pacing intentionally. A film with all quick cuts exhausts viewers; all long holds bores them. Use rhythm to create and release tension.

The Fine Cut

With structure established, refine every edit point. This is where good films become great.

Trimming Techniques

Ripple Edit: Trim a clip and automatically close the gap. Essential for tightening the edit without creating holes.

Roll Edit: Move an edit point between two clips without changing overall duration. Use when you have the right clips but the cut point is wrong.

Slip Edit: Change which part of a clip is visible without moving it in the timeline. Use when the clip is the right length but wrong portion.

Slide Edit: Move a clip earlier or later without changing its duration, adjusting adjacent clips to compensate.

Cutting on Action

The human eye naturally expects cuts during movement. Cutting on action makes edits feel invisible:

  • Cut as subjects turn, walk, or gesture
  • Match motion direction across cuts
  • Use head turns to motivate angle changes
  • Cut during emotional responses (laughs, tears)

J-Cuts and L-Cuts

Audio and video don't have to cut at the same point:

J-Cut: Audio from next clip starts before the visual cut. "Pulls" you into the next scene.

L-Cut: Audio from current clip continues after visual cuts to next shot. Creates continuity and flow.

Wedding films should use these constantly. Let speech audio carry across visual cuts; let music breathe across scene changes.

The 10-Frame Rule

When you think a shot is the right length, try trimming 10 frames from each end. More often than not, this tightens the edit and improves pacing. If it feels too short, add them back.

Transitions and Effects

The Case for Hard Cuts

90% of your cuts should be straight cuts—no transitions. Hard cuts are invisible when done well and keep the pace moving. Transitions draw attention to the edit itself.

When to Use Transitions

Cross Dissolve: Indicates passage of time or scene change. Use sparingly—no more than a few per film. Duration: 15-30 frames typically.

Dip to Black: Stronger scene break than dissolve. Use for major transitions (getting ready → ceremony). Duration: 15-24 frames.

Dip to White: Dreamy, ethereal feel. Use very sparingly—once per film maximum if at all.

Wipe/Slide: Generally avoid in wedding films unless going for a specific stylized look.

Avoid Transition Overload

Beginning editors often use too many transitions, thinking they make the film more "professional." The opposite is true. Excessive transitions look amateur. When in doubt, hard cut.

Speed Ramping

Changing clip speed can add visual interest to specific moments:

  • Slow motion: Already captured in-camera at high frame rates. Use for emotional emphasis.
  • Speed ramps: Transitioning from normal to slow (or vice versa) within a shot. Effective for first looks, processionals, first dances.
  • Subtle speed-up: Walking shots at 105-110% speed feel more energetic without looking unnatural.

📹 Video Lesson: Mastering Slow Motion

Learn how to unlock the full slow motion potential of Sony's flagship mirrorless camera:

Stabilization

Most NLEs include stabilization tools. Use them carefully:

  • Stabilize handheld footage that should feel smooth
  • Don't over-stabilize—some natural movement is okay
  • Watch for warping at frame edges
  • Scale up to crop stabilization borders

Wedding Film Deliverables

The Highlight Film (3-8 minutes)

The flagship deliverable most couples share online.

Characteristics:

  • Music-driven with speech/vow excerpts
  • Best-of-the-best footage only
  • Designed for emotional impact
  • Optimized for social sharing

Target length: 4-6 minutes is the sweet spot. Under 3 feels incomplete; over 8 tests attention spans.

The Feature Film (20-45 minutes)

Extended edit covering the full day in detail.

Includes:

  • Complete ceremony (usually entire vows and ring exchange)
  • Full speeches or extended excerpts
  • Extended getting ready coverage
  • More reception moments

Target length: 25-35 minutes balances comprehensiveness with watchability.

Ceremony Edit

Documentary capture of the full ceremony.

Approach:

  • Multi-cam edit covering entire ceremony
  • Minimal music—natural audio or light underscore
  • Cut only for better angles or to trim dead air
  • Include processional through recessional

Social Media Cuts

Short versions optimized for specific platforms.

Platform Length Aspect Ratio
Instagram Reels15-60 sec9:16 vertical
TikTok15-60 sec9:16 vertical
Instagram Feed60 sec max1:1 or 4:5
YouTube Shorts60 sec max9:16 vertical
Facebook1-3 min16:9 or 1:1

Hawaii Social Media Moments

For Hawaii weddings, certain moments perform exceptionally well on social media:

  • Drone reveals of ceremony locations
  • Sunset first looks and portraits
  • Beach processionals
  • Fire dancer clips (if applicable)
  • Lei exchanges and Hawaiian cultural moments

Export Settings

Master Export (Archive Quality)

Setting Value
CodecProRes 422 HQ or DNxHR HQ
ResolutionMatch project (1080p or 4K)
Frame Rate23.976 or 24fps
AudioPCM 48kHz, 24-bit

Keep this file as your archive. All other deliveries are compressed from this master.

Online Delivery (Vimeo/YouTube)

Setting Value
CodecH.264 or H.265
Resolution1080p or 4K
Bitrate (1080p)15-25 Mbps
Bitrate (4K)45-60 Mbps
AudioAAC, 320kbps

Download Delivery (Client Copy)

Setting Value
CodecH.264
Resolution1080p (easier for clients to handle)
Bitrate15-20 Mbps
AudioAAC, 320kbps

Higher bitrate files can be problematic for clients to download and play back. 1080p at moderate bitrate is universally playable.

Key Takeaways

Story First, Always

Technical skills matter, but storytelling makes films memorable. Find the emotional thread and follow it.

Music is Foundation

Choose music carefully and legally. The right song elevates everything; the wrong one undermines it.

Edit in Stages

Assembly → Rough Cut → Fine Cut → Polish. Don't try to perfect everything at once.

Less is More

Hard cuts over transitions. Fewer clips held longer over rapid-fire montages. Restraint is professional.